：：：oracle常用命令：：：

第一章:日志管理

　　1.forcing log switches

　　sql> alter system switch logfile;

　　2.forcing checkpoints

　　sql> alter system checkpoint;

　　3.adding online redo log groups

　　sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]

　　sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;

　　4.adding online redo log members

　　sql> alter database add logfile member

　　sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

　　sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

　　5.changes the name of the online redo logfile

　　sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

　　sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

　　6.drop online redo log groups

　　sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;

　　7.drop online redo log members

　　sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

　　8.clearing online redo log files

　　sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

　　9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles

　　a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

　　b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log');

　　c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',

　　sql> dbms_logmnr.new);

　　d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',

　　sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);

　　e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');

　　f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters

　　sql> v$logmnr_logs);

　　g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

第二章:表空间管理

　　1.create tablespaces

　　sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m,

　　sql> 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]

　　sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)

　　sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause]

　　2.locally managed tablespace

　　sql> create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf'

　　sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

　　3.temporary tablespace

　　sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf'

　　sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;

　　4.change the storage setting

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);

　　5.taking tablespace offline or online

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data online;

　　6.read_only tablespace

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;

　　7.droping tablespace

　　sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;

　　8.enableing automatic extension of data files

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf' size 200m

　　sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;

　　9.change the size fo data files manually

　　sql> alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' resize 200m;

　　10.Moving data files: alter tablespace

　　sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

　　sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

　　11.moving data files:alter database

　　sql> alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'

　　sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';

第三章:表

　　1.create a table

　　sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....)

　　sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]

　　sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

　　sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)

　　sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache]

　　2.copy an existing table

　　sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as 文明人query

　　3.create temporary table

　　sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;

　　on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows

　　4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size

　　pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)

　　5.change storage and block utilization parameter

　　sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k

　　sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);

　　6.manually allocating extents

　　sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf');

　　7.move tablespace

　　sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;

　　8.deallocate of unused space

　　sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]

　　9.truncate a table

　　sql> truncate table table_name;

　　10.drop a table

　　sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];

　　11.drop a column

　　sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;

　　alter table table_name drop columns continue;

　　12.mark a column as unused

　　sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;

　　alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;

　　alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000

　　data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

第四章:索引

　　1.creating function-based indexes

　　sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);

　　2.create a B-tree index

　　sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace

　　sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]

　　sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0

　　sql> maxextents 50);

　　3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows

　　4.creating reverse key indexes

　　sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k

　　sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

　　5.create bitmap index

　　sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k

　　sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;

　　6.change storage parameter of index

　　sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);

　　7.allocating index space

　　sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');

　　8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;

第五章:约束

　　1.define constraints as immediate or deferred

　　sql> alter session set constraint = immediate/deferred/default;

　　set constraint constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;

　　2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints

　　sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints

　　3. define constraints while create a table

　　sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable

　　sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);

　　primary key/unique/references table(column)/check

　　4.enable constraints

　　sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;

　　5.enable constraints

　　sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;

第六章:LOAD数据

　　1.loading data using direct_load insert

　　sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging

　　sql> select * from emp_old;

　　2.parallel direct-load insert

　　sql> alter session enable parallel dml;

　　sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging

　　sql> select * from emp_old;

　　3.using sql*loader

　　sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \

　　sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \

　　sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true

第七章:数据整理

　　1.using expoty

　　$exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y

　　2.using import

　　$imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y

　　3.transporting a tablespace

　　sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only;

　　$exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts

　　triggers=n constraints=n

　　$copy datafile

　　$imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2

　　/sles02.dbf)

　　sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;

　　4.checking transport set

　　sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>true);

　　在表transport_set_violations 中查看

　　sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含

努力学习中，虽然自己数据库水平有限，还是感谢楼主